Most of Nagapattinam is low-lying with a flat terrain. 14 river systems run through this district before draining into the Bay of Bengal. These river systems cause severe flooding during heavy rains and back flooding during high tide. Meticulous maintenance of these systems is the only solution to disaster-proof agriculture in this district.
A subsequent detailed study on the status of the water bodies in Nagapattinam District revealed the extent of progressive damage that had been caused to the water bodies, giving a fair idea of the work involved in restoring these bodies to their former efficiency.